Linux's iptables allows powerful firewalls to be implemented at a minute fraction of the cost of many commercial offerings. Basic iptables firewalls are packet filters, which means they inspect the network communications flowing through them a packet at a time and make choices about how those packets are handled. Simple configurations can be used to drop certain packets and accept others. The choice about which policy to apply to a particular packet commonly is made on the basis of the IP address and port number to which it has been sent and the direction in which it is traveling. iptables also can use state information to make more-informed choices based on the state of the connection to which the packet relates. This is known as connection tracking.

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